{"id":3110,"date":"2021-06-08T17:15:28","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T15:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jc-correct.com\/blog\/?p=3110"},"modified":"2023-02-26T21:19:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T20:19:27","slug":"letni-spanelske-svatky-ii-sanfermines-tomatina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jc-correct.com\/blog\/letni-spanelske-svatky-ii-sanfermines-tomatina\/","title":{"rendered":"Letn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky II: Sanfermines, Tomatina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1lokdo v\u00ed, kdo \u017ee to byl svat\u00fd Ferm\u00edn (272 – 303 n. l.). Tento k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd mision\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za prvn\u00edho biskupa Pamplony, jej\u00edm\u017e je dnes patronem, a jeho sv\u00e1tek ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 7. \u010dervence. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee jeho samotn\u00e1 existence byla zpochybn\u011bna, upadl sv\u011btec do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, co ale do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed nikdy neupadne, jsou \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky svat\u00e9ho Ferm\u00edna: Sanfermines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanfermines: kdo ute\u010de, vyhraje<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Proslaven\u00fd a ob\u00e1van\u00fd b\u011bh s b\u00fdky<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd, ani\u017e by m\u011bl jakoukoli p\u0159edchoz\u00ed znalost \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kultury, kroutil n\u011bkdy hlavou nad ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmi televizn\u00edmi report\u00e1\u017eemi, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z b\u011bhu s b\u00fdky, v nich\u017e se fatalisticky zd\u016fraz\u0148uje po\u010det potrkan\u00fdch, zmrza\u010den\u00fdch a n\u011bkdy i mrtv\u00fdch po t\u00e9to obl\u00edben\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 lib\u016fstce. B\u011bh s b\u00fdky pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k tomuto sv\u00e1tku, kter\u00fd se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed v Pamplon\u011b, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b kraje Navarra, na severu \u0160pan\u011blska. Slav\u00ed se od 6. do 14. \u010dervence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na Radni\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed (Plaza del Ayuntamiento), kdy nad b\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed tis\u00edcihlav\u00fd dav vylet\u00ed raketa ohla\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho vesel\u00ed. Zahajovac\u00edmu ceremoni\u00e1lu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 chupinazo – b\u011bhem n\u011bj n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci vytahuj\u00ed z ta\u0161ek, kapes, kalhot \u010di odjinud \u010derven\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek. J\u00edm ozdob\u00ed sv\u016fj b\u00edl\u00fd od\u011bv: podle \u010derven\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 hned pozn\u00e1te, \u017ee sv\u00e1tek berou v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. A\u010dkoli b\u00edl\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barvou, jeliko\u017e b\u011bhem chupinaza se dobrovoln\u00edci pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed barevn\u00fdmi tekutinami r\u016fzn\u00e9 provenience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Zdroj: https:\/\/www.libremercado.com\/2018-07-08\/el-negocio-de-los-sanfermines-dejan-740-millones-en-pamplona-en-la-ultima-decada-1276621680\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ke zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm b\u011bh\u016fm s b\u00fdky zvan\u00fdmi encierros, bez nich\u017e by letn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky nebyly kompletn\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den slavnostn\u00edho t\u00fddne. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se v 8 hodin, co\u017e je pro \u0160pan\u011bla nek\u0159es\u0165ansky brzy, p\u0159esto si ka\u017ed\u00fd na k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed vzpomene, kdy\u017e b\u011b\u017eci pros\u00ed o ochranu sochu svat\u00e9ho Ferm\u00edna na startovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1\u0159e, nebo\u0165 u 849 metr\u016f dlouh\u00e9ho b\u011bhu s vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00fdmi b\u00fdky m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt opravdu o \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u0159i a hlavouni<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto, \u017ee \u010dervencov\u00e1 slavnost proslula p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm encierros, za kr\u00e1tkou zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed pr\u016fvod obr\u016f a hlavoun\u016f (gigantes y cabezudos), kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z 16. stolet\u00ed. Ob\u0159i (gigantes) se objevuj\u00ed jako kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159 kontinent\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 k sob\u011b svou kr\u00e1lovnu. Evropsk\u00fd p\u00e1r nese jm\u00e9no Joshemiguelerico (kr\u00e1l) a Joshepamunda (kr\u00e1lovna), Asii zastupuj\u00ed Sidi abd El Mohame a Esther Arata, za Afriku kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd p\u00e1r Selim-pia Elcalzao a Larancha-la a ani Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdmi ban\u00e1ln\u00edmi jm\u00e9ny: Toko-toko a Braulia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Zdroj: https:\/\/www.gustavomirabal.es\/espana\/las-festividades-mas-relevantes-de-espana\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u0159i se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pro jejich impozantn\u00ed velikost: spolu s nosi\u010dem mohou vyr\u016fst a\u017e do \u010dty\u0159 metr\u016f a v\u00e1\u017eit 52,5 kilo. Obvykle je \u010destn\u00fdm \u00fakolem obra n\u00e9st pov\u011b\u0159en jeden jedin\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, av\u0161ak ten, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud fouk\u00e1 siln\u00fd v\u00edtr, se m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasem unavit, proto se nosi\u010di mohou i vyst\u0159\u00eddat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S hlavouny (cabezudos) ji\u017e nen\u00ed takov\u00e1 d\u0159ina: m\u011b\u0159\u00ed asi metr a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdch 14 kilo. Napo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me jich celkem p\u011bt a krom\u011b opravdov\u00fdch hlavoun\u016f jako Starosta, Radn\u00ed a Babi\u010dka k nim z nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu pat\u0159\u00ed i Japonec a Japonka. Vedle hlavoun\u016f v slavnostn\u00edm pr\u016fvodu najdeme Kilikis (prapodivn\u00fd n\u00e1zev poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z baski\u010dtiny), kte\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fvodem kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed vyzbrojeni p\u011bnov\u00fdmi obu\u0161ky. Jimi s velkou chut\u00ed ml\u00e1t\u00ed do nevinn\u00fdch kolemstoj\u00edc\u00edch div\u00e1k\u016f. Jm\u00e9na Kilikis m\u016f\u017eeme voln\u011b p\u0159elo\u017eit jako Brambora (dal\u0161\u00ed variantou p\u0159ekladu je tak\u00e9 \u0160mejd \u010di n\u011bco ost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edho), Napoleon, Kyselej ksicht, Bradavi\u010dnat\u00fd otrapa, Vlas\u00e1\u010d a Fous\u00e1\u010d. Do div\u00e1k\u016f obu\u0161kem bu\u0161\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jedni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pr\u016fvodu, a to Zaldikos (slovo v baski\u010dtin\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201ekon\u00ed\u010dci\u201c), je jich celkem 6 a nosi\u010di maj\u00ed na sob\u011b kost\u00fdm kon\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd tak, aby to vypadalo, \u017ee z n\u011bj tr\u010d\u00ed jako jejich jezdci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pobre de m\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sanferm\u00ednsk\u00e9 slavnostn\u00ed vesel\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed tam, kde za\u010dalo: 14. \u010dervence se dav sejde na Radni\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kde v\u0161ichni spole\u010dn\u011b zanotuj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148 \u201ePobre de m\u00ed\u201c (J\u00e1 uboh\u00fd), s n\u00ed\u017e se lou\u010d\u00ed se slavnost\u00ed a m\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i tom sv\u00ed\u010dkami a \u010derven\u00fdmi \u0161\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 pak znovu na rok schovaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tomatina: divok\u00e1 bitva s rozm\u00e1\u010dknut\u00fdmi raj\u010daty<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mezi nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky m\u016f\u017eeme ur\u010dit\u011b po\u010d\u00edtat Tomatinu. Tomate znamen\u00e1 \u0161pan\u011blsky raj\u010de a obl\u00edben\u00e1 zelenina zde skute\u010dn\u011b hraje hlavn\u00ed roli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jak to cel\u00e9 vzniklo?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echno za\u010dalo n\u00e1hodou roku 1945, kdy\u017e se dav v\u00fdrostk\u016f nudil u tradi\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fvodu hlavoun\u016f a obr\u016f. Rozj\u00edven\u00ed mlad\u00edci se k nim cht\u011bli p\u0159ipojit, av\u0161ak m\u00edsto pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 ko\u010di\u010diny shodili jednoho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka, kter\u00fd za\u010dal kolem sebe ml\u00e1tit hlava nehlava obu\u0161kem (kter\u00fd pat\u0159il k jeho kost\u00fdmu). Dav si jeho nespravedliv\u00e9 r\u00e1ny nenechal l\u00edbit a co \u010dert necht\u011bl, po ruce st\u00e1l st\u00e1nek s ovocem a zeleninou a rozbou\u0159en\u00fd dav za\u010dal po sob\u011b h\u00e1zet raj\u010data s takovou vervou, \u017ee bitvu musela ukon\u010dit policie. Mlad\u00edci, jejich\u017e vp\u00e1d do m\u00edstn\u00edch oslav p\u0159ekonal jejich nejsm\u011blej\u0161\u00ed sny, si z\u00e1\u017eitek zatou\u017eili zopakovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku a pro tentokr\u00e1t si p\u0159inesli raj\u010data ze sv\u00fdch domov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se Tomatina slav\u00ed dnes?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Od t\u00e9 doby se Tomatina slav\u00ed ka\u017edou posledn\u00ed st\u0159edu v srpnu ve vesni\u010dce, kde se poprv\u00e9 strhla potravn\u00ed bitva: v Bu\u00f1olu. Bu\u00f1ol, obec p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v centru kraje Valencie, b\u011b\u017en\u011b \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 asi 10 000 obyvatel. V \u010dase Tomatiny nabobtn\u00e1 jej\u00ed po\u010det na 20 000 – 50 000 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ve frenetick\u00e9m o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed raj\u010datov\u00e9 bitvy sp\u00ed na zemi po cel\u00e9 vesni\u010dce ji\u017e noc dop\u0159edu. Po v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b klidn\u00e9 noci se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v 10 hodin se \u0161unkovou ty\u010d\u00ed (palo de jam\u00f3n). Jde o ty\u010d nat\u0159enou s\u00e1dlem, nebo \u010d\u00edmkoli podobn\u00fdm, co dostate\u010dn\u011b klou\u017ee. Po t\u00e9to ty\u010di se sna\u017e\u00ed vyl\u00e9zt v\u017edy cel\u00fd hrozen lid\u00ed a sundat \u0161unku nap\u00edchnutou na jej\u00edm vrcholu. Je-li sundan\u00e1 \u0161unka, m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt boj:  tehdy p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed kamiony s raj\u010daty, je\u017e jsou vrh\u00e1ny do davu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke slavnosti je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vyhrazeno asi 1 300 000 raj\u010dat, kter\u00e1 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f ji\u017e nelze prodat. Konec potravn\u00ed bitvy ozn\u00e1m\u00ed v 11 hodin petarda. Jedn\u00e1 se o zd\u00e1nliv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010das vyhrazen\u00fd nez\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9mu vesel\u00ed, ale i ten sta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby ulici pokr\u00fdvala p\u016flmetrov\u00e1 vrstva raj\u010datov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy i k tomu, aby se v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zm\u011bnili v monstra, u nich\u017e nelze rozpoznat barvu od\u011bvu, v n\u011bm\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li slavit. Rozhodn\u011b neplat\u00ed, \u017ee po bitv\u011b je ka\u017ed\u00fd gener\u00e1lem. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se sp\u00ed\u0161e st\u00e1v\u00e1 ukl\u00edze\u010dem: v\u0161ichni se ch\u00e1pou hr\u00e1b\u00ed, smet\u00e1k\u016f atd., p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed tak\u00e9 hasi\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed oplachuj\u00ed ulici i v\u0161echny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed po tom zatou\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Letn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky v dob\u011b coronavirov\u00e9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e \u0160pan\u011bly charakterizuje pr\u00e1v\u011b fiesta, tedy schopnost kdykoli a z \u010dehokoli rozpoutat divokou party, epidemie coronaviru projevy jejich vesel\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b ochromila. Jak jsme vid\u011bli, v\u0161echny oslavy po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00ed lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se po tis\u00edc\u00edch t\u00edsn\u00ed na mal\u00e9m prostoru. Z bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti dvou metr\u016f se \u0161patn\u011b pol\u00e9v\u00e1 soused a rovn\u011b\u017e raj\u010de m\u016f\u017ee minout sv\u016fj c\u00edl. Letos si Pamplo\u0148an\u00e9 nostalgicky p\u0159ipomn\u011bli popul\u00e1rn\u00ed oslavy instalac\u00ed plastiky o velikosti 12 metr\u016f ve tvaru vzkazu Los viviremos (Za\u017eijeme je), kde je jedno ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno ozdobenou des\u00edtkou fotografi\u00ed \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch chvil z oslav minul\u00fdch let. Na hlavn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se pak objevily hodiny, kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010das, kdy je znovu za\u017eijeme, tedy dny a hodiny, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00ed od dal\u0161\u00edch Sanfermines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby nejlep\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017eci p\u0159ece jen nep\u0159i\u0161li o n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1bavu, uspo\u0159\u00e1dal statk\u00e1\u0159 Jos\u00e9 Cruz soukrom\u00e9 encierro na sv\u00e9m pozemku. K b\u011bhu se bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 hl\u00e1sit na Facebooku a nakonec se setkalo na 40 odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch. Analogick\u00e9 hodiny k t\u011bm z Pamplony odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na internetu \u010das, kter\u00fd zb\u00fdv\u00e1 do Tomatiny 2021\u2026 I my tedy m\u016f\u017eeme spolu se \u0160pan\u011bly odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat dny, kter\u00e9 zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed do dal\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f a do dal\u0161\u00edho vesel\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud v\u00e1s sv\u00e1tky zaujaly a r\u00e1di byste se o nich dozv\u011bd\u011bli v\u00edce, ur\u010dit\u011b si obl\u00edb\u00edte i n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed videa (ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b). Prvn\u00ed se v\u011bnuje sv\u00e1tku Sanfermines<\/a> a druh\u00e9 Tomatin\u011b<\/a> \ud83d\ude42 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed d\u00edl tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku popisuje, jak se ve \u0160pan\u011blsku slav\u00ed Fiesta de San Juan<\/a>, na\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e1tek sv. Jana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nky Letn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky I a II pro v\u00e1s sepsala na\u0161e vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed lektorka \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny a francouz\u0161tiny \u0160\u00e1rka<\/a>. Pokud byste se cht\u011bli \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b v\u011bnovat pravideln\u011b, pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161i nab\u00eddku kurz\u016f \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rad\u011bji byste vyzkou\u0161eli individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduku \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny<\/a>? \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, r\u00e1di V\u00e1m nab\u00eddneme jak prezen\u010dn\u00ed, tak online <\/a>lekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud byste m\u011bli jak\u00e9koliv dal\u0161\u00ed dotazy, t\u0159eba t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159eklad\u016f do\/ze \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny<\/a>, nev\u00e1hejte se na n\u00e1s obr\u00e1tit<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1lokdo v\u00ed, kdo \u017ee to byl svat\u00fd Ferm\u00edn (272 – 303 n. l.). Tento k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd mision\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za prvn\u00edho biskupa Pamplony, jej\u00edm\u017e je dnes patronem, a jeho sv\u00e1tek ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 7. \u010dervence. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee jeho samotn\u00e1 existence byla zpochybn\u011bna, upadl sv\u011btec do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, co ale do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed nikdy neupadne, jsou \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky svat\u00e9ho Ferm\u00edna: Sanfermines. Sanfermines: kdo ute\u010de, vyhraje Proslaven\u00fd a ob\u00e1van\u00fd b\u011bh s b\u00fdky Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd, ani\u017e by m\u011bl jakoukoli p\u0159edchoz\u00ed znalost \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kultury, kroutil n\u011bkdy hlavou nad ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmi televizn\u00edmi report\u00e1\u017eemi, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z b\u011bhu s b\u00fdky, v nich\u017e se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3118,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,558,246],"tags":[937,916,706,938],"class_list":["post-3110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novinky","category-tipy-ke-studiu-spanelstiny","category-zajimavosti","tag-sanfermines","tag-spanelske-svatky","tag-spanelsko","tag-tomatina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLetn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky II: Sanfermines, Tomatina - BLOG: Jazykov\u00e9 centrum Correct<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si p\u0159edstav\u00edme letn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky Sanfermines a Tomatina. 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